How to resolve "Cookies do not appear to be enabled on your browser client"

-This can come from the fact than you have created an artificial
configuration.php file before installation or you have copied configuration.php-dist
in configuration.php
For to Prevent this kind of trouble is best don't follow the Counsel given
in several forums of to create a configuration.php before installation and instead
wait until the end of installation to create it and put inside the content given to
you by Joomla!

-Another Source of Trouble can come from the fact than you haven't create any
Database before installation!
To Create it you have two possibilities:
a) Make it by a command

mysql -uroot -p

create database JoomlaDatabaseName

b) Make it with Phpmyadmin
If you use something like XAMPP
Open "Phpmyadmin" in your Browser and add your Database.

After provide to go "Back" in your Browser, Clear the "Cache" and Restart your Installation.

-Last you have to check if MySQL is Already Started Up

Look at the output of this Terminal's command:

ps aux mysqld | grep mysqld | grep /

If you got some output this mean than your MySQL is already Up :)

If MySQL isn't already Started and you aren't expert and don't know where MySQL is Located you need to find it...
If you want to find the easier system for your Specific Distribution you need to find a MySQL Guide right for that or trying to look into the Services list you find in the menu.

Two Generic ways between the others are the following:
a) The longer one is of Using the find command:

find / -name mysqld

(wait patiently until the end of process and after look in the output if you find something containing: "bin/mysqld")
If you found it try to start it directly by:

pathToMysqldRoot/bin/mysqld

b) The faster one pass by the locate command but need to have the locate database already updated or before you need to find and execute the updatedb command right for your distribuition.
So if your locate database is updated you can find it by:

locate mysqld

and the look at a path to bin/mysqld.

To start MySQL easily for the next time you need to Add the PathToYourMySQL in $HOME/.bashrc and after reload the new configuration file:

source $HOME/.bashrc

Good Luck ;)